Survey of euthanasia practices in animal shelters in Canada to identify ways of reducing pain, distress and fear and incorporate ‘best practice’ into guidelines for humane euthanasia. (M Cockram, A Mounchili, S McConkey, N Caffrey)

The objective of this project was to establish a baseline of knowledge regarding current euthanasia practices in Canadian animal shelters. Through a survey by questionnaire, it was determined that the majority of establishments used an injectable method of euthanasia. Very few establishments used physical or gaseous methods of euthanasia.

At least 36 per cent of establishments used the services of a veterinarian for euthanasia. Of the 67 responders, sodium pentobarbital injection was the only method of euthanasia used by 61 per cent of establishments euthanizing dogs and 53 per cent of the establishments euthanizing cats. Many of these establishments used pre-medication. Sodium pentobarbital was mostly administered intravenously; however, some establishments also used intracardiac and intraperitoneal routes, and some used only intracardiac administration for cats. T-61 injection
was the only method of euthanasia used by 23 per cent of the establishments euthanizing dogs and 35 per cent of the establishments  euthanizing cats. All of these establishments used pre-medication, but the percentage of establishments that only used the intravenous route for administration of T-61 in dogs and cats was 45 per cent and 7 per cent, respectively. An important finding from this study was that in many establishments, T-61 was not used according to the manufacturer’s recommendations, i.e., a slow steady rate of intravenous administration. This method of administration is thought to reduce the likelihood of the animal experiencing respiratory paralysis before
it is unconscious. The use of pre-medication facilitates slow intravenous injection of T-61. Further research into the use of T-61 is required. The importance of staff training in euthanasia as necessary for best practice was highlighted by respondents. The provision of support services for staff may also be an area that requires attention. Further discussion of euthanasia practices, veterinary involvement and drug
availability can help develop the drafting and adoption of best practice guidelines.
The results of this study1,2,3 may be useful in promoting discussion of best practice guidelines among veterinarian and animal shelters, in influencing legislation and regulations surrounding anesthesia, and in training of staff in animal shelters.